Pandemia y actitudes hacia el sistema político. ¿Han cambiado las preferencias por la democracia y el autoritarismo?
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En este artículo nos preguntamos si durante la pandemia COVID-19 se ha producido en España un deterioro del apoyo a la democracia e incluso un aumento del atractivo de formas de gobierno autoritarias. Además, tratamos de identificar las categorías sociales y segmentos ideológicos en los que esos cambios de las actitudes han sido más acusados. Analizamos dos barómetros del CIS, de diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2021. Estimando modelos de regresión logística multinomial, encontramos una disminución significativa de la legitimidad de la democracia, que va acompañada, sobre todo, de un aumento de la indiferencia acerca del tipo de gobierno que es preferible. Su magnitud varía bastante entre distintos segmentos sociales y políticos, alcanzando su máxima intensidad en las personas más jóvenes. Aunque el cambio agregado es modesto, las diferencias por edad y la acumulación del impacto de situaciones de crisis en un período de tiempo corto abren la posibilidad de una erosión duradera del apoyo democrático.
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